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In medicine, nail clubbing (also known as drumstick fingers and watch-glass nails)〔 is a deformity of the fingers and fingernails associated with a number of diseases, mostly of the heart and lungs.〔Freedberg, et al. (2003). ''Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine''. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138076-0.〕 Hippocrates was probably the first to document clubbing as a sign of disease, and the phenomenon is therefore occasionally called Hippocratic fingers. Idiopathic clubbing can also occur, but is rare. ==Signs and symptoms== Clubbing may be present in one of five stages: # Fluctuation and softening of the nail bed (increased ballotability) # Loss of the normal <165° angle (Lovibond angle) between the nailbed and the fold (cuticula) # Increased convexity of the nail fold # Thickening of the whole distal (end part of the) finger (resembling a drumstick) # Shiny aspect and striation of the nail and skin Schamroth's test or Schamroth's window test (originally demonstrated by South African cardiologist Leo Schamroth on himself) is a popular test for clubbing. When the distal phalanges (bones nearest the fingertips) of corresponding fingers of opposite hands are directly opposed (place fingernails of same finger on opposite hands against each other, nail to nail), a small diamond-shaped "window" is normally apparent between the nailbeds. If this window is obliterated, the test is positive and clubbing is present. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nail clubbing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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